ABSTRACT
With the progress of dose individualization theory and research, decision-making systems have increasingly emerged in recent years. In this paper, common individualized dosing computer program, web platform and application on mobile devices are identified and summarized by searching literatures and internet, and compared with each other in terms of general characteristics and professional characteristics. Twenty-five systems are included in total. These systems, which estimate parameters mostly by Bayesian algorithm, cover anti-bacterial drugs and antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, anti-tumor drugs, nervous system drugs, cardiovascular system drugs, respiratory system drugs and so on. MwPharm++, a commercial computer program, has the best comprehensive performance among all these. Besides, highlighted advantages are showed in commercial computer program Precise PK, APK, free computer program JPKD, BestDose and web platform SmartDose. Along with the development of internet and the high performance computing tools, mobile apps are booming. It is expected that the decision-making systems to be developed and promoted continuously in the future and could provide more options and references for clinical individualized dosing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss some problems about current learning objectives for the speciality of clinical medicine in China,including the concepts,the decision-making systems and value-orientation,and to provide the reference for stipulating the learning objectives in future. Methods The objectives of some Chinese medical universities were collected from their websites.Some medical educators were consulted about their feelings about these learning objectives,and also were asked to identify their own objectives. Results Medical educators failed to distinguish their own objectives,and there were four main problems in current learning objectives: generalization,similarity and lack of individuality,difficulty in guide the curricula and teaching,and setting up too high object. Conclusion The learning objectives in clinical medicine should reflect both specialty characteristic and university individuality,so they should be drawn up by teachers,students and educatirnal administrators,moreover their value orientation should be eligible standard,not excellence.